閱讀理解之全文主旨大意題

老師叮嚀：李輝老師說，“主題+態度+細節=破解任何一篇文章的三大法寶！幾乎每道閱讀題目都來自這三大法寶！”因此，學會抓住全文主題，至關重要！本文也將透過對閱讀理解主旨大意題的分析來展現準確判斷出主題的方法。下文經過了全網首席高考英語名師李輝老師團隊高度認真的整理校對，無錯、可信！可供全國各省高中生列印，學習、背誦！

一.解題指導

我們閱讀一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意、明確其主旨。因此，主旨大意題是常考題型。主旨大意題包括：主要內容（main idea， mainly about）型、文章標題（best title）型、寫作目的（purpose）型。

二．解題技巧

1。 弄清文章的大意，關鍵是找到主題句。

主題句的位置：主題句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼應，有時也在文中，或沒有主題句，需根據文章所述內容進行歸納。各段的主題句也常在該段的首句或尾句。議論文和說明文一般有主題句，但記

敘文

通常沒有主題句，需要歸納。

2。找主題句的方法：用略讀法 （skimming）。

即快速閱讀文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜尋主題線索和主題資訊。找主題句的四個小竅門：

當段落中出現錶轉折的詞語（如however， but， in fact， actually等）時，該句很可能是主題句。

當首段出現疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。

作者有意識地反覆重複的觀點，通常是主旨；反覆出現的詞語，一般為體現文章主旨的關鍵詞。

表示總結或結論的話（常有therefore， thus， in short， conclude， conclusion等）。

3。 關於干擾項和正確答案。

（1） 干擾項可能是文中某個具體事實或細節；

可能是文中某些 （不完全的）事實或細節片面推出的錯誤結論；

可能屬非文章事實的主觀臆斷。

（2）正確答案：是根據文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來的；但不能太籠統、言過其實或以偏概全。

三．題型總結

在閱讀理解中，主旨大意題常有以下幾種命題方式：

（1）Main idea型：選擇項多為陳述句，要求考生選擇表達作者思想或觀點的句子。題幹多為如下形式：

①What’s the main idea/point of the passage？

②The passage is mainly about________。

③The passage is mainly concerned about ________。

④Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage？

⑤Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage？

⑥In this passage the author discusses primarily ______。

⑦The subject discussed in this text is________。

⑧The general/main idea of the passage is about________。

（2）Main purpose型：選擇項多為

動賓結構

，要求考生找到主要的寫作目的。常見以下幾種題幹形式：

①What’s the purpose of the passage？

②The passage is meant to ________。

③The purpose of the article is to________。

④In this passage， the writer tries to tell us that________。

⑤The passage tells us that________。

⑥The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to________。

（3）標題型：選擇文章標題是另一類對主旨大意題考查的形式。命題形式：

①The best title of the passage is________。

②Which of the following is the best title of the passage？

③The best title for the passage is________。

④The most appropriate title of the passage is________。

四。典例分析

In the animal kingdom， weakness can bring about aggression in other animal。 This sometimes happens with humans also。 But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people。 I see it every day when people hold doors for me， pour cream into my coffee， or help me put on my coat。 And I have discovered that it makes them happy。 From my wheelchair experience， I see the best side of people。。。 Often， we try every way possible to avoid showing

our weakness

。 But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them。

Question: Which of the following is the best title or the passage?

A。 A Wheelchair Experience。

B。 Weakness and Kindness。

C。 Weakness and Strength。

D。 A Driving Experience

答案：B

解析：首先，進行題型的分析，透過對照上文中我們所總結的常見

主旨題型

，我們可以將本題定義為主旨大意題。在上文中我們也講到了，解決主旨大意題，最有效的方法就是找到文章的主旨句。因為本題所問的是全文的主旨，所以我們需要去找的是整篇文章的主旨句。從文章開始讀，“In

the animal kingdom

， weakness can bring about aggression in other animal。 This sometimes happens with humans also。” 作者在文章的開始就透過動物界“展現自己弱小可能會引發其他動物更加好戰”的例子類比出人類也會出現相似的情況。在讀完這句話後，我們可以很清楚地發現作者在闡發自己的一個觀點，但如果我們不繼續往下文閱讀的話，我們很容易就把這一句話當成全文的主題句。但是文章的主題句絕不僅僅都是在文章的第一句就會給出的，所以我們在讀文章時，也不要看完第一句就貿然的斷定主題句，而是應該再繼續讀一句，因為作者極有可能想透過舉反例的方式來引出真正的主題。繼續向下讀，在下文中作者的態度果然出現了轉折。“But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people。”與前文中所表達的“展現弱小會讓局面更糟”的意思不同，作者在But轉折後提出了“弱小也有可能會引發他人心中的善意”的觀點。並且下文中作者分別從自己的所見所聞以及親身經歷透過舉例子的方式論證了他的觀點。並且在最終全文收束的部分再次點題“我們有時並不需要故意去掩藏自己的弱勢，唯有如此，別人也才能有一個向我們表達善意的機會。因此，本文一直在圍繞“弱勢，缺點”與“善良”之間的辯證關係進行探討，所以主旨也自然與其相關，所以選擇B。

五．題目練習

（1）

Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day。 UNESCO（ United Nations Educational， Scientific and Cultural Organization） recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music， its significance， and its potential as a unifying（聯合） voice across cultures。

Despite

the celebrations

， though， in the U。S。

the jazz audience

continues to shrink and grow older， and the music has failed to connect with younger generations。

It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that。 As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz， Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz， make the music more accessible， and preserve its history and culture。“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan。 “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore。 It’s actually color， and it’s actually digital。”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost。 “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958。 It has to continue to move， because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran。

Last year， Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party， “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran。 “For me， it’s the recontextualization。 In music， where

does the emotion

（情感） lie？ Are we， as humans， gaining any insight（感悟） on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts？ Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran， “so I want to continue those dialogues。 Those are the things I want to foster。”

Question: Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Exploring the Future of Jazz。

B．The Rise and Fall of Jazz。

C．The Story of a Jazz Musician。

D．Celebrating the Jazz Day。

答案：A

（2）

I first met Paul Newman in 1968， when George Roy Hill， the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid， introduced us in New York City。 When the studio didn’t want me for the film— it wanted somebody as well known as Paul— he stood up for me。 I don’t know how many people would have done that； they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers。

The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference， we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV。 We were respectful of craft（技藝）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play。 Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors： humorous， aggressive， and making fun of each other— but always with an underlying affection。 Those were also at the core （核心）of our relationship off the screen。

We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success， you should put something back— he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill， and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival。 Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly， but sharing that brought us together。 We supported each other financially and by showing up at events。

I last saw him a few months ago。 He’d been in and out of the hospital。 He and I both knew what the deal was， and we didn’t talk about it。 Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words。

Question：What is the author’s purpose in writing the test?

A。 To show his love of films。

B。 To remember a frienD。

C。 To introduce a new movie。

D。 To share his acting experience。

答案：B

（3）

“They tell me that you’d like to make a statue（塑像）of me — is that correct， Miss Vinnie Ream？”

The deep， gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl。 Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no

casual matter

， especially for a seventeen-year-old girl。

“Yes， sir，” she replied， her dark eyes meeting his。 “I wouldn’t have dared to ask you， but my teacher， Mr。 Mills， says I am ready。 I plan to make it in an admirable manner。 ”

President Lincoln smiled。 “Painters， sculptors — they’ve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face， but I’m afraid there’s not much hope。 What did you have in mind， Miss Ream？ A bust（半身像）？”

Before Vinnie could say yes， the President hurried on， a shade of apology in his voice。 “Of course — I shouldn’t have asked。 A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size。 ”

Vinnie’s face turned red。 She realized she looked like a child， with her tiny figure。 “Small does not mean weak， sir，” she defended herself。 “I was born in the country of Wisconsin。 I’ve driven teams of horses and carried water。 Making a full-length clay（粘土）figure would not exhaust my strength — and that is what I intend to do！”

The President’s eyes， brightened at her show of spirit。 “Sorry， madam， I have underestimated you as I didn’t know your background。 ”

But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers， in thought。 “Miss Ream，” he sighed， “I’d like to let you do it， but as you know， we are in the middle of a war。 How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now？ I hardly have a minute to myself。 ”

Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office。 “I work quickly，” she said。 Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows。 “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon， I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk。 ”

The President seemed to consider her idea seriously。 He got up and shook Vinnie’s hand warmly， “I’ve heard that you are a talented young woman， and I have found you charming and intelligent as well。 I cannot make my decision immediately， but you will hear from me soon。 ”

The very next day， Vinnie received an invitation from the President。

Question：What message does the story convey?

A。 A strong-willed soul can reach his goal。

B。 Experience helps to promote excellence。

C。 Ups and downs make one strong。

D。 Devotion requires enthusiasm。

答案：A

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