對這家博物館的滿意度,能用satisfaction of?不同介詞到底搭配什麼?
“語法知識太多太複雜,有沒有簡單粗暴點的方法教我寫對英語句子?”
只要你能夠區分單詞的詞性
(名詞,動詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞和連詞),就可以正確回答一個問題——這個詞後邊接什麼?
為了做到這一點,你需要一個小工具,語料庫網站
https://
fraze。it
相應地:本文選用的全部句子,都來源於該語料庫,也就是來源於國外權威報刊或者網站的文章。
本系列文章將教會讀者進行四類判斷:
你會不會覺得上邊的語法很簡單,誰都能寫對?
如果是這樣,我都懶得寫這篇文章了。
單詞到底接句子還是接名詞,
還是都可以,
還是應該根據同一個單詞的不同語義判斷,
你要看了下文才清楚。
1。 後邊接句子/名詞
2。 後邊接可數/不可數名詞
3。 後邊接名詞/動詞
4。 接人/事/物
satisfaction of
disappointing/disappointed
out-dated/old-fashioned
substitute
search
1) satisfaction of
(人們)對這家博物館的滿意度
你會不會寫出satisfaction of the museum?
開啟語料庫網站,搜尋satisfaction of, 得到:
Martin called for some reform, but not to the
satisfaction of the Conservatives
。
This mutual pleasure may even be essential for the
satisfaction of those involved
。
顯然,句中satisfaction of接的是人。意思是:
某人的滿意度
此外,你還會看到這樣的句子:
This gives us the
satisfaction of carrying
a grudge and keeping our spirits low。
Once the excitement and
satisfaction of getting
married is over with, then what?
He won‘t have the
satisfaction of making
a decision, but merely a recommendation。
顯然,句中satisfaction of接的是doing sth。 指
做某事帶來的滿意度
如果想表達對某個事物的滿意度,得換一個介詞。
到語料庫搜尋Satisfaction的其他介詞搭配,得到:
Satisfaction with the airports
in Cleveland and Columbus was just about average。
According to the Asia Foundation,
satisfaction with the government's performance
is at 73%。
Martha Allman, dean of admissions at Wake Forest, echoed the
satisfaction with those statistics
。
這就是對某個事物的滿意度,所以原句正確的寫法是:
satisfaction with the museum
2) disappointing/disappointed
現在分詞VS過去分詞
開啟語料庫網站,搜尋disappointing, 得到:
Like he was tipped alongside James Blake only to release a
disappointing
non-dub-step
album
。
A
disappointing result
at home, but without a doubt, Im glad I was able to watch the match。
West Allegheny’s Aaron McKinney had a
disappointing weekend
。
只要你知道album, result和weekend是事物,你就知道disappointing(disappoint的現在分詞)可以用來修飾事物。
如果你得出的結論是disappointing
只能
用來修飾事物,你就錯了。
開啟語料庫網站,搜尋disappointed, 得到:
If so, he must end up with a lot of
disappointed clients
。
They need to get someone else in fast for the remaining gigs or there will be many more
disappointed people
。
只要你知道people和clients是人,你就知道disappointed(disappoint的過去分詞)可以用來修飾人。
如果你得出的結論是disappointed
只能
用來修飾人,你就錯了。
為了彌補上邊結論的缺陷,看這個例句:
*The Seminoles are, without question, the most
disappointing team
in the country。
句中team指的是一個由人構成的集體(仍然是人),卻用disappointing來修飾(語義是:讓人失望的隊伍,而不是感到失望的隊伍)。
這顯然和前面的總結(disappointing用於修飾事物)矛盾。
為了區分現在分詞和過去分詞,我們再看一個例句:
**In the US, both Groupon and PepsiCo posted
results
that
disappointed
investors
。
句中disappointed(不是分詞,是動詞)的主語是results, 賓語是investors。
由此推出,下面的表達是正確的:
disappointing results
disappointed investors
現在分詞和過去分詞作定語,用法總結:
使用動詞的分詞時,透過被修飾的詞是人還是事物,來判定用過去分詞還是現在分詞,
在多數情況下
是正確的。
但是,這種方法有可能出錯,如上邊的*句,改成disappointed team就完全不是原文的語義了(變成“對觀眾或者贊助商感到失望的隊伍”)。
標準的做法是,用這個動詞造句,然後透過動詞的主語和賓語來判定應該用現在分詞還是過去分詞修飾某個名詞:
修飾動詞的主語,用動詞的現在分詞;
修飾動詞的賓語,用動詞的過去分詞。
3) out-dated/old-fashioned
(不能讓老年人工作,因為)他們過時了
elderly people are out-dated對嗎?
開啟語料庫網站,搜尋out-dated, 得到:
I agree with Pagey that the central
idea
behind Prime Suspect is now pretty
out-dated
。
Heaven forbid I disagree with their rabid support of
out-dated Trotskyism
。
Unfortunately,
it
is now hopelessly
out-dated
and still lacking adequate compatibility
只要你知道idea, Trotskyism和it指的是事物,那你就知道out-dated用來修飾事物。
在你看到out-dated用來修飾人的例句之前,你都無法確定可以用它修飾人。(真找不到這樣的例句)
開啟語料庫網站,搜尋old-fashioned, 得到:
The plot may be IPO-centric, but the
novel
is
old-fashioned
and wildly romantic。
The interior has been put together with an uncanny sense of
old-fashioned style
。
These two besotted parents hope to have two more children the
old fashioned way
。
只要你知道novel, style和way指的是事物,那你就知道old-fashioned可以用來修飾事物。
同時,你還會搜到這樣的例句:
Am
I
too
old fashioned
or is this just too much information for a four-year-old?
The Vietnam crowd constitutes the
old-fashioned realists
that span both parties。
只要你知道
I
和
realists
指的是人,那你就知道old-fashioned可以用來修飾人。
所以old-fashioned既可以修飾事物,又可以修飾人。
所以,原句要改成:
elderly people are old-fashioned
4) substitute
開啟語料庫網站,搜尋substitute, 得到:
*Turns out, the man didn‘t have
chicken
in the house, so he’d
substituted
shrimp
。
請問,到底是chicken還是shrimp被換掉了?
如果你覺得是shrimp被換掉了,那為什麼沒有chicken, 要換掉shrimp?
那麼你的邏輯大概就是:
小紅不在,所以我們把小明換掉。
再來2個例句:
**I couldn‘t find fresh
Cornish hens
so I
substituted
two small
roasting
chickens
。
請問,到底是Cornish hens還是roasting chickens被換掉了?
***If the deli counter doesn’t have
pork roast
,
Canadian
bacon can be
substituted
。
請問,到底是pork roast還是Canadian bacon被換掉了?
要找到substitute的用法,必須看這樣的例句:
A few were vegetarians who
substituted cheese for the chicken
in their tortillas。
(素食主義者)用cheese(非肉)換掉chicken(肉)
His audience responded and
substituted him for Noah
, though he was later removed。
(他的觀眾)用他換掉Noah(雖然他後來也被踢出了)
其實規則很簡單:
substitute的賓語是
用來替換的
人或物,
被換掉的人或物
要用for引入。
5) search
開啟語料庫網站,搜尋searched, 得到:
They
searched
his
computer
and found that he had spent time on dating Web sites。
Police
searched
a
flat
on Rochdale Road, Coldhurst, Oldham, and found 75 plants。
Police have
searched
a pawn
shop
, four homes and two hotel rooms, de Bruin said。
只要你知道computer, flat和shop指的是事物,那你就知道search賓語是事物。
同時,你還會看到這樣的例句:
Since my return to Iraq in 2003, I had
searched for her
in vain-until last year。
It has been empty for a decade as the owners have
searched for
suitable
tenants
。
Blackmore said two aircraft and five boats
searched
for two hours
for
the
pilot
。
只要你知道her, tenants和pilot指的是人,那你就知道search for接人。
但是,下面的英語句子也是對的。
*Officers
searched
the
man
and found marijuana and a homemade pipe in his pocket。
search的賓語是人,且沒有加入for。
這似乎告訴我們,前面6個句子的總結是錯誤的。確實是錯誤的。
為了找到search真正的用法,我們必須看下邊的例句:
He
searched
the
Internet
for information
on musculature and happened on the site。
Of course, I
searched
the
Web
for tips
on how to handle situations like this。
Schneider himself
searched
the
neighborhood
for the Yorkie and Yorkie-Poodle mix
。
Authorities
searched
the
house
for evidence
of an intruder, Hastings told jurors。
你應該能得出這樣的結論:
1) search的賓語是搜尋的範圍(可以是事物,也可以是人,比如搜身);
2) search + for接的東西是要找的人或者事物。
https://www。zhihu。com/video/1146486593287294976