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拉康精神分析術語詞條渣譯-Objet (petit) a客體小a

作者:由 Kruspolska 發表于 書法時間:2020-06-07

Translation

關於翻譯

This term has sometimes been translated into English as “object (little) a”, but Lacan insisted that it should remain untranslated, “thus acquiring, as it were, the status of an algebraic sign。”

[1]

該術語常被譯作“客體(小)a”,但拉康堅持應當保持不譯,“從而取得其原本作為一個代數符號的地位。”

Lacanian Algebra

拉康代數

The symbol a (the first letter of the word autre, or “other”) is one of the first algebraic signs which appears in Lacan‘s work, and is first introduced in 1955 in connection with schema L。 It is always lower case and italicized to show that it denotes the little other, in opposition to the capital ’A‘ of the big Other。 Unlike the big Other, which represents a radical and irreducible alterity, the little other is “the other which isn’t another at all, since it is essentially coupled with the ego, in a relationship which is always reflexive, interchangeable。”

[2]

In schema L, then, a and a‘ designate indiscriminately the ego and the counterpart/specular image, and clearly belong to the imaginary order。

此符號a(auter“他者”的首字母)是拉康著作中最早出現的代數符號之一,它於1955年在關於L圖示的論述中初次被引進。它永遠使用小寫斜體以指代小他者,與用大寫A指代的大他者相區別。不同於表示最基本的不可化約的異己性的大他者,小他者“並非他人,因其本質上同自我相伴相生,處於一種反身性的、可互換的關係中”。在L圖示中,a與a’無差別地表示自我及其映象,這顯然屬於想象界的秩序。

拉康精神分析術語詞條渣譯-Objet (petit) a客體小a

L圖示

Object of Desire

慾望的客體

In 1957, when Lacan introduces the matheme of fantasy ($ <> a), a begins to be conceived as the object of desire。 This is the imaginary part-object, an element which is imagined as separable from the rest of the body。 Lacan now begins to distinguish between a, the object of desire, and the specular image, which he now symbolizes i(a)。

1957年,拉康引進幻象公式($ <> a)後,小a開始被構想為慾望的客體。這是一個想象性的部分客體,被想象成一個從身體上分離出來的部件。此時拉康開始區分小a、慾望的客體和映象(後來用i(a)來表示它)。

Agalma

阿伽馬

In the seminar of 1960-1, Lacan articulates the objet petit a with the term agalma (a Greek term meaning glory, an ornament, an offering ot the gods, or a little statue of a god) which he extracts from Plato‘s Symposium。 Just as the agalma is a precious object hidden inside a relatively worthless box, so the objet petit a is the object of desire which we seek in the other。

[3]

在1960年第一次研討會中,拉康將客體小a與“阿伽馬(Agalma,在希臘語中意為榮光、裝飾物、神的供品或小神像)”一詞相關聯,而此語取自柏拉圖的《會飲篇》。正如“阿伽馬”是一個隱藏在相對沒有價值的箱子中的寶物,客體小a是我們在他人身上試圖追尋的慾望之物件。

Object-Cause of Desire

慾望的客體-原因

From 1963 onwards, a comes increasingly to acquire connotations of the real, although it never loses its imaginary status; in 1973 Lacan can still say that it is imaginary。

[4]

From this point on, a denotes the object which can never be attained, which is really the cause of desire rather than that towards which desire tends; this is why Lacan now calls it the “object-cause” of desire。

1963年以後,小a逐漸獲得了實在界的意蘊,然而它並未失去其想象性的地位。至1973年,拉康依然認為它是屬於想象界的。此後,小a開始意味著某種永遠無法觸及之物,而此物正是慾望真正的原因(而非慾望所向之物):這便是為何拉康此後稱其為慾望的“客體-原因”。

Object of Drive

驅力的客體

Objet petit a is any object which sets desire in motion, especially the partial objects which define the drives。 The drives do not seek to attain the objet petit a, but rather circle round it。

[5]

客體小a是任意能驅使慾望執行的客體,尤其是那些定義了驅力的部分客體。驅力並不直達客體小a,而是圍繞其旋轉。

Object of Anxiety, Libido

焦慮與力比多的物件

Objet petit a is both the object of anxiety, and the final irreducible reserve of libido。

[6]

客體小a既是焦慮的物件,也是不可化約的終極力比多儲備。

Position of the Analyst

分析家的位置

It plays an increasingly important part in Lacan’s concept of the treatment, in which the analyst must situate himself as the semblance of objet petit a, the cause of the analysand‘s desire。

客體小a在拉康的治療體系中是非常重要的一環。在治療中,分析家必須將自己置於客體小a的類似物的位置,即分析者的慾望之原因。

Surplus Enjoyment

剩餘享樂

In the seminars of 1962-3 and of 1964, objet petit a is defined as the leftover, the remainder (Fr。 reste), the remnant left behind by the introduction of the symbolic in the real。 This is developed further in the seminar of 1969-70, in which Lacan elaborates his formulae of the four discourses。 In the discourse of the master, one signifier attempts to represent the subject for all other signifiers, but inevitably a surplus is always produced; this surplus is objet petit a, a surplus meaning, and a surplus enjoyment (Fr。 plus-de-jouir)。 This concept is inspired by Marx’s concept of surplus value; a is the excess of jouissance which has no “use value” but persists for the mere sake of enjoyment。

在1962年的第三次和1964年的研討會上,客體小a被定義為一種殘留、剩餘物(reste),實在進入象徵界後的遺存。這一定義在1969至1970年的研討會上得到進一步發展。在研討會中,拉康詳細闡述了四種話語的公式。在主人話語中,一個能指試圖代替所有其他能指來表示主體,卻不可避免要產生一個剩餘:這一剩餘便是客體小a,一個剩餘意義,亦是剩餘享樂(plus-de-jouir)。這一概念乃是受馬克思剩餘價值概念之啟發:客體小a是沒有“使用價值”的享樂的過剩,卻僅是為了享樂而繼續存在。

Semblance

類似物

In 1973, Lacan links objet petit a to the concept of semblance, asserting that ‘a’ is a “semblance of being。”

[7]

1973年,拉康把客體小a同類似物的概念聯絡在一起,聲稱客體小a是“存在的類似物”。

Borromean knot

博羅米恩結

In 1974 he places it at the center of the Borromean knot, at the place where the three orders (real, symbolic and imaginary) all intersect。

1974年,拉康將客體小a置於博羅米恩結的中心,即三界(實在、象徵、想象)交匯之處。

拉康精神分析術語詞條渣譯-Objet (petit) a客體小a

博羅米恩結

參考

^

Sheridan, Alan。 “Translator‘s note。” Lacan, Jacques。 Écrits: A Selection。 Trans。 Alan Sheridan。 London: Tavistock Publications, 1977。 p。vii-xii

^

Lacan, Jacques。 The Seminar。 Book II。 The Ego in Freud’s Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis, 1954-55。 Trans。 Sylvana Tomaselli。 New York: Nortion; Cambridge: Cambridge Unviersity Press, 1988。 p。 321

^

Lacan, Jacques。 Le Séminaire。 Livre VIII。 Le transfert, 1960-61。 Ed。 Jacques-Alain Miller。 Paris: Seuil, 1991。 p。 177

^

Lacan, Jacques。 Le Séminaire。 Livre XX。 Encore, 1972-73。 Ed。 Jacques-Alain Miller。 Paris: Seuil, 1975。 p。 77

^

Lacan, Jacques。 The Seminar。 Book XI。 The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, 1964。 Trans。 Alan Sheridan。 London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1977。 p。 179

^

Lacan, Jacques。 La Séminaire。 Livre X。 L‘angoisse, 1962-3, unpublished。 Seminar of 16 January 1963。

^

Lacan, Jacques。 Le Séminaire。 Livre XX。 Encore, 1972-73。 Ed。 Jacques-Alain Miller。 Paris: Seuil, 1975。 p。87

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