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JFE2019-Asset Pricing-Stock Returns

作者:由 Jessie XIAO 發表于 娛樂時間:2019-02-22

最近JFE的appetite又迴歸到empirical asset pricing ,喜大普奔。翻了一些2019的paper,打算寫一點小筆記,慢慢填坑。爭取一天寫2-3篇。

Gold, platinum, and expected stock returns, forthcoming JFE, Darien Huang and Mete Kilic

Huang 2015年畢業於Pennsylvania Wharton,現在是Cornell的AP,早前曾在東京Goldman Sachs做過HFT desk quant。Kilic是Huang在Wharton的師弟,晚了2年畢業,去了USC Marshell,名副其實的rising star。其目前除了這篇JFE,還有和Jessica Wachter(沃頓的prof,以將consumption disaster引入asset pricing model而著名)合作的“Risk, unempolyment, and the stock market: a rare-event-based explanation of labor market volatility” forthcoming in RFS, 以及一篇MS forthcoming “Good and bad variance premia and expected returns”。

這篇paper主要的貢獻在於構建了GP ratio (gold to platinum prices) 作為economic state variable的proxy。這個變數significantly correlated with option implied tail risk,不僅在time series上可以很好的預測未來stock returns(one stddev of GP predicts 6。4% increase in next year‘s US market excess returns), 也一定程度上解釋了cross section return variation。

TBC

事實上,在recession period,黃金價格呈下降趨勢,並非發生通常人們所認為的在經濟衰退期黃金價格會發生“flight to liquidity”的現象。透過GP的走勢可以看到,這一變數是counter-cyclical的,與stock price負相關,與 default spread, cost of capital, and consumption-wealth ratio正相關。

JFE2019-Asset Pricing-Stock Returns

關於GP time series predictability的實證分析,尤其是採用long horizon returns構建的regression model,無論是OLS with Newey-West HAC standard errors還是VAR,都發現

log(GP)

會顯著正向影響下一年的stock excess returns,而這一預測能力不會被其他諸如ICC, TMSP, CAR等其他predictors所覆蓋。Out-of-Sample

R^2

following Goyal and Welch (2008) 的結果也說明GP可以robustly predict even out of sample。作者還使用MSCI country indices & MSCI world Index對GP在international markets(如UK,Switzerland, Sweden, Japan)上的預測能力進行了檢驗。為了說明GP的predictability是來自於time variation in risk premiums而非未來dividend growth rates的資訊(例如像需要大量使用金\鉑的汽車行業未來現金流的bad news),作者run regression of

log(GP)

on real

\Delta dividend

&

\Delta Earnings

,結果表明GP對dividend growth rate沒有預測能力。

TBC

References:

Campbell, Giglio, Polk, Turley, 2018, An intertemporal CAPM with stochastic volatility, JFE

Goyal and Welch, 2008, A comprehensive look at the empirical performance of equity premium prediction, RFS

Newey and West, 1987, A simple, positive semi-definite, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix, Econometrica

Wachter, 2013, Can time-varying risk of rare disasters explain aggregate stock market volatility? JF

2. Bear Beta. 2019 JFE, Zhongjin Lu and Scott Murray.

Lu Zhongjin 是Georgia的AP,14年Columbia的Finance PhD。 Murray是Georgia State的AP。 這篇paper是AQR Insight Award的finalist, 提出了bear market risk (defined as time variation in the ex-ante probability of future bear market states), 這和同樣考慮left-tail 的downside beta (risk)很大不同的是基於事前的probability而非事後的realization。

透過使用SP500 index options構造了一個Arrow-Debreu security來measure bear market risk。這個AD bear portfolio 相對於CAPM和FF3/FF5 factor model generates a negative alpha並且基於bear beta分組的long-short portfolio 也有significant excess return(alpha), 也就是說 bear beta is robustly priced in the cross-section of stock returns。並且這一bear beta factor不能被downside beta, VIX beta, idiosyncratic volatility (Ang et al。, 2006a,b), jump beta (Cremers, et al。, 2015), coskewness (Harvey and Siddique, 2000), aggregate skewness beta (Chang et al。, 2013), and tail beta (Kelly and Jiang, 2014) 等解釋。

Reference:

Ang, Chen, Xing, 2006a, Downside risk, RFS

Ang, Hodrick, Xing, Zhang, 2006b, The cross-section of volatility and expected returns, JF

Cremers, Halling, Weinbaum, 2015, Aggregate jump and volatility risk in the cross-section of stock returns, JF

Chang, Christoffersen, Jacobs, 2013, Market skewness risk and the cross section of stock returns, JFE

Harvey and Siddique, 2000, Conditional skewness in asset pricing tests, JF

Kelly and Jiang, 2014, Tail risk and asset prices, RFS

3. Technological links and predictable returns, forthcoming JFE, received on 25 Oct 2017, accepted on 8 Mar 2018. Charles Lee, Stephen Teng Sun, Rongfei Wang, Ran Zhang

Charles Lee是Accounting的老師,曾擔任Barclays Global Investors (BGI,後被Blackrock以$13。5B收購) 的managing director,前後做過JF的associate editor,TAR的Co-editor。Stephen 是CityUHK Accountany的AP,Standard 2015年Econ畢業,師承Nicholas Bloom (就是提出著名的EPU Index的那個大佬),之前在北大光華,去年跳到CityU

審稿週期非常短的一篇paper,引入了 ”technological closeness”(Bloom et al。, 2013)的factor,根據這個factor構建的long-short strategy monthly alpha有117 bps。

TECH_{i,jt}=\frac{T_{it}T

T_{it}

is a vector of firm i’s proportional share of patents across the 427(我喜歡這個數字嘻嘻) USPTO tech classes over the rolling past five years as of time t。

Reference:

Bloom, Schankerman, Reenen, 2013, Identifying technology spillovers and product market rivalry, Econometrica

4. Should Long-term investors time volatility? 2019, JFE, Alan Moreira and Tyler Muir, received Aug 2017, accepted Feb 2018.

Moreira 是來自Rochester的AP,2011年畢業於Chicago。Muir是UCLA的AP,2013年從Northwestern畢業。 他們還合作了一篇 2017 JF paper “volatility-managed portfolios”。 另外Muir 2017年solo了一篇QJE ”financial crises and risk premia” 也是厲害。關於Moreira,他和NBER Alexi Savov 的“The macroeconomics of Shadow Banking” 曾拿過JF 2017 Dec Edition的lead article。提到Savov,就不得不提他JF2011的”asset pricing with garbage”。文章利用garbage創新性地度量了consumption,從而更好的利用consumption CAPM去解釋equity premium puzzle。扯遠了,這篇文章審稿飛速,研究了volatility timing對長期投資者的影響。

TBC

標簽: returns  risk  stock  volatility  beta